/* blog.css — extracted from siliconai-blog-v184.html */

/* blog.css — extracted from siliconai-blog-v118.html */

  :root {
    /* v105 cool system */
    --cream: #fffdf7;
    --cream-2: #F1EFE9;
    --card: #ffffff;
    --ink: #0f1117;
    --ink-soft: #3b404b;
    --muted: #888e9c;
    --teal: #5a6cff;
    --teal-deep: #2940ff;
    --teal-text: #1b2ad1;
    --teal-tint: #e9ebff;
    --green: #CDF4E2;
    --i-mint: #00A86B;
    --sage: #4F8567;
    --rule: rgba(15,17,23,0.12);
    --rule-soft: rgba(15,17,23,0.07);
    --aside-bg: #F1EFE9;
    --measure: 48rem;
    --hero-h: 520px;
    --hero-pull: -380px;
    --reading-serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  }

  * { box-sizing: border-box; }

  html {
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 100%;
  }

  body {
    margin: 0;
    background-color: var(--cream);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--reading-serif);
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.235rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "calt";
    overflow-x: clip;
  }

  /* full-page animated brand-grid background (paints its own cream + sprites) */
  #techgrid {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: -2;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  /* Reading progress hairline */
  .progress {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0; left: 0;
    height: 2px;
    width: 0%;
    background: var(--teal-deep);
    z-index: 50;
    transition: width 0.08s linear;
  }

  .wrap {
    max-width: var(--measure);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1.6rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  /* ---- Masthead ---- */
  header.masthead {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 50;
    background: rgba(255,253,247,0.82);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15,17,23,0.10);
    margin-bottom: 4.5rem;
  }
  .masthead-inner {
    max-width: 1180px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 clamp(20px, 5vw, 56px);
    height: 66px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .masthead-inner .lock { transform: translateY(-2px); cursor: pointer; }
  .lock {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 19px;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .lock .dot { color: var(--teal); }
  .lock .by {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-left: 9px;
  }
  .kicker-tag {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
  }

  /* ---- Title block ---- */
  .titleblock { margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }

  .eyebrow {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--teal-text);
    margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.7rem;
  }
  .eyebrow::after {
    content: "";
    flex: 1;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--rule);
  }

  h1.title {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5.8vw, 4.8rem);
    line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  h1.title .dot { color: var(--teal); }
  h1.title .title-accent {
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.06em;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-color: var(--teal-deep);
    text-decoration-thickness: 2.5px;
    text-underline-offset: 5px;
  }

  .standfirst {
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3.4vw, 1.9rem);
    line-height: 1.32;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    letter-spacing: 0;
    margin: 0 0 1.9rem;
    max-width: 34rem;
    border-left: 3px solid #CDF4E2;
    padding-left: 1.1rem;
  }
  .standfirst .mark { background: linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%); padding: 0 0.04em; }

  .byline {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
    padding-top: 0;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    color: var(--muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .byline .sep { color: var(--rule); }

  /* ---- Article body ---- */
  article p {
    margin: 0 0 1.4rem;
    hyphens: manual;
    -webkit-hyphens: manual;
    overflow-wrap: normal;
    text-wrap: wrap;
  }

  article .lead {
    font-size: 1.32rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  article .lead::first-letter {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 3.7rem;
    line-height: 0.74;
    float: left;
    margin: 0.42rem 0.7rem 0 0;
    color: var(--teal-deep);
  }

  /* Key term: periwinkle highlight wash for load-bearing ideas */
  article .key {
    background: linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%);
    padding: 0 0.05em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink);
  }

  /* Section takeaway — one-line distillation under each heading */
  .takeaway {
    position: relative;
    text-align: justify;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans', sans-serif;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.66;
    color: var(--teal-deep);
    margin: 2.4rem 0 2.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    background: var(--teal-tint);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.7rem;
  }
  .clead { color: #7FCBA6; font-weight: 700; margin-right: 0.3em; }
  .takeaway .tk-text { display: block; }
  .takeaway p { margin: 0; }
  .takeaway p + p { margin-top: 0.95rem; }
  .section-head + .takeaway { margin-top: 2.4rem; }
  /* v179: uniform icon + caption spacing under every chart */
  figure:has(.chartwrap) .chart-tools { float: right; margin: 0.9rem 0 0 1.2rem; }
  figure:has(.chartwrap) figcaption { margin-top: 0.9rem; }
  figure:has(.chartwrap) .chartwrap { padding-bottom: 0; }
  /* scroll reveal — matches the site: fade-up, plus a focus-pull (blur -> sharp) on one word per title */
  .blurw { display: inline; }
  .section-head h2 .blurw, .fold-sum h2 .blurw {
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.08em;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-color: var(--teal-deep);
    text-decoration-thickness: 2.5px;
    text-underline-offset: 5px;
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
    .js-sr article > * { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px);
      transition: opacity .7s ease, transform .7s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1); }
    .js-sr article > *.sr-in { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
    .js-sr .section-head h2 .blurw { filter: blur(7px); transition: filter 1.3s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) .15s; }
    .js-sr .section-head.sr-in h2 .blurw { filter: blur(0); }
  /* v178: remove focus treatment on main titles (uniform Funnel Display, no italic/underline/blur) */
  .section-head h2 .blurw, .section-head.sr-in h2 .blurw { font-family: inherit !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: inherit !important; font-size: inherit !important; text-decoration: none !important; -webkit-text-decoration: none !important; filter: none !important; transition: none !important; color: inherit !important; }
  }

  /* Section markers */
  .section-head {
    margin: 4rem 0 2rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 1.1rem;
  }
  .section-head .num { display: none; }
  .section-head h2 {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.7vw, 3.15rem);
    line-height: 1.12;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink);
    max-width: 30rem;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }
  .brd { display: none; }
  @media (min-width: 1100px) { .brd { display: inline; } }
  @media (min-width: 1100px) { .section-head h2 { max-width: none; font-size: 2.9rem; } }
  .section-head h2::after { content: "."; color: #0f1117; }
  .section-head h2.is-q::after { content: none; }
  .section-head + p { margin-top: 0; }

  article strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
  }

  a.x {
    color: var(--teal-text);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--teal);
    padding-bottom: 0.5px;
  }

  em { font-style: italic; }

  /* Pull quote */
  .pull .mark { background: linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%); padding: 0 0.06em; }
  .codeblock { background: #0b0e16; border: 1px solid rgba(180,188,255,0.10); border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.15rem 1.35rem; margin: 1.7rem 0; overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }
  .codeblock code { display: block; white-space: pre; font-family: "Geist Mono", ui-monospace, monospace;
    font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.7; color: #cfd3e6; }
  .codeblock .cm { color: #6b7280; }
  .codeblock .kw { color: #CDF4E2; }
  .codeblock .fl { color: #8f9bff; }
  .codeblock .vr { color: #eef0f8; }
  .pull {
    margin: 1.8rem -0.5rem 3rem;
    padding: 0 0 0 1.6rem;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--green);
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.6vw, 1.95rem);
    line-height: 1.34;
    color: var(--ink);
    letter-spacing: 0;
  }

  /* Structured list device */
  .classes {
    margin: 2.4rem 0 2.8rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .cls {
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2.6rem 1fr;
    gap: 0.4rem 1.1rem;
  }
  .cls .mk {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--teal-deep);
    font-weight: 500;
    grid-row: span 2;
  }
  .cls h3 {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.18rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .cls p {
    margin: 0;
    font-family: var(--reading-serif);
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .readnext { background: #2940ff; margin: 0.4rem 0 0; margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw); margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
    width: 100vw; padding: clamp(2.4rem,5vw,3.4rem) clamp(1.2rem,5vw,2.6rem) clamp(6px,1.2vw,18px); box-sizing: border-box; }
  .rn-inner { max-width: 1120px; margin: 0 auto; }
  .rn-eyebrow { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); margin: 0 0 1.4rem; display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.45rem; }
  .rn-eyebrow .rgly { color: #CDF4E2; }
  .rn-grid { display: flex; gap: 1rem; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; scrollbar-width: none; padding-bottom: 0.35rem; }
  .rn-grid::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
  .rn-card { scroll-snap-align: start; flex: 0 0 84%; }
  @media (min-width: 760px) {
    .rn-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 1.3rem; overflow: visible; }
    .rn-card { flex: none; }
  }
  .rn-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: #fff; border-radius: 18px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px -18px rgba(10,14,40,0.5); transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease; }
  .rn-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 22px 46px -20px rgba(10,14,40,0.6); }
  .rn-img { display: block; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; overflow: hidden; background: #0b0e16; }
  .rn-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
  .rn-body { padding: 1.1rem 1.35rem 1.25rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 auto; }
  .rn-title { font-family: "Funnel Display", system-ui, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.24rem; line-height: 1.14; color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
    display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; text-wrap: balance;
    min-height: calc(2 * 1.14em); }
  .rn-teaser { font-family: var(--reading-serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 1.02rem; line-height: 1.42; color: #5b606e; margin: 0 0 0.9rem; padding-left: 0.9rem; border-left: 2px solid #CDF4E2;
    display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; text-wrap: balance;
    min-height: calc(2 * 1.42em); }
  .rn-teaser .mark { background: linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%); padding: 0 0.04em; }
  .rn-cta { align-self: flex-end; margin-top: auto; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
    background: #CDF4E2; color: #0d2c20; font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.05rem; border-radius: 14px; transition: background .15s ease; }
  .rn-card:hover .rn-cta { background: #bcefd6; }
  .rn-cta .rn-chev { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 1.05em; }
  .rn-slider { display: none; }
  @media (max-width: 759px) {
    .rn-slider { display: block; position: relative; height: 3px; border-radius: 2px;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16); margin: 1rem 1.1rem 0; overflow: hidden; }
    .rn-thumb { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; width: 50%;
      background: #CDF4E2; border-radius: 2px; }
  }
  .credit-end {
    margin: 2.4rem 0 0.5rem;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--muted);
  }
  .credit-end .ce-label { text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; margin-right: 0.7rem; color: var(--muted); }
  .cls .who {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
  }

  /* Aside / parenthetical block */
  .aside {
    margin: 2.6rem 0;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.7rem;
    background: var(--aside-bg);
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 1.04rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .aside .label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--teal-text);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  }
  .aside p { margin: 0; }

  /* ---- Image placeholders (to be generated in Higgsfield, labelled in Canva) ---- */
  figure.ph {
    margin-block: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 3.4rem);
  }
  /* placeholder = dark "lighting plate" previewing the house style:
     warm copper/gold glow upper-right, single periwinkle rim, fading to black lower-left */
  .ph-frame {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    border-radius: 12px;
    border: 1.5px dashed rgba(90,108,255,0.5);
    background-color: #0a0c12;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(135% 135% at 80% 22%, rgba(224,166,108,0.18), transparent 44%),
      radial-gradient(120% 120% at 84% 26%, rgba(90,108,255,0.16), transparent 48%),
      linear-gradient(150deg, #1b1f29 0%, #0c0e15 56%, #050609 100%);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1.6rem;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .ph-frame .ph-no {
    position: absolute;
    top: 11px; left: 13px;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #aab4ff;
  }
  .ph-frame .ph-aspect {
    position: absolute;
    top: 11px; right: 13px;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: rgba(238,240,247,0.55);
  }
  .ph-frame .ico {
    width: 34px; height: 34px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(224,166,108,0.7);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    color: #e6b87f;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    box-shadow: 0 0 26px rgba(224,166,108,0.22);
  }
  .ph-frame .ph-title {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(238,240,247,0.82);
  }
  figcaption {
    margin-top: 0.95rem;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.58;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  figcaption .cap-label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--teal-text);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  }
  figcaption .ph-prompt {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.7rem;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--muted);
    border-left: 2px solid var(--green);
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
  }

  /* Section divider */
  .div {
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin: 3.5rem 0;
    color: #CDF4E2;
  }
  .div .dsym { width: 2rem; height: 2rem; fill: currentColor; display: block; }

  /* ===== v158 · Part 2 reading devices (brand palette only) ===== */
  /* B · Pull quote — no accent rule, big serif, oversized pale-mint quote mark */
  .pquote { margin: 3rem 0; padding: 0 0 0 1.6rem; border-left: 3px solid var(--green); max-width: 40rem; }
  .pquote .pq-txt {
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif; font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.4vw, 1.95rem); line-height: 1.34;
    color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: 0;
  }
  /* D · Key-takeaway note box — NO left accent line, pale-mint card, brand-symbol icon */
  .keynote {
    display: flex; gap: 0.95rem; align-items: flex-start;
    background: rgba(205,244,226,0.32); border: 1px solid #CDF4E2;
    border-radius: 14px; padding: 1.25rem 1.45rem; margin: 2.8rem 0;
  }
  .keynote .kn-sym { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 1.9rem; height: 1.9rem; margin-top: 0.15rem; }
  .keynote .kn-sym svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; fill: var(--i-mint); display: block; }
  .keynote .kn-bd { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.56; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .keynote .kn-lead {
    display: block; margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--i-mint);
  }
  .keynote .kn-bd strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
  @media (max-width: 560px) { .keynote { padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem; } }
  /* Collapsible fold (appendix / optional deep-dives) */
  .fold { margin: 4rem 0 2rem; }
  .fold-sum { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.7rem; padding: 1.5rem 0 0.4rem; }
  .fold-sum::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
  .fold-sum h2 { font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600;
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.7vw, 3.15rem); line-height: 1.12; letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin: 0; color: var(--ink); text-wrap: balance; }
  .fold-sum:hover h2 { color: var(--teal-deep); }
  .fold-toggle { flex: 0 0 auto; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem;
    color: var(--teal-deep); font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .fold-tlabel::after { content: "Show"; }
  .fold[open] .fold-tlabel::after { content: "Hide"; }
  .fold-chev { width: 0.95rem; height: 0.95rem; transition: transform .25s ease; }
  .fold[open] .fold-chev { transform: rotate(180deg); }
  .fold-body { padding-bottom: 0.6rem; }
  .fold-body p, .fold-body li { font-size: 0.86rem; color: #5c6377; }
  .appendix-body p, .appendix-body li { font-size: 0.86rem; color: #5c6377; }
  .subfold { display: block; margin: 0.3rem 0 0.15rem; }
  .subfold-sum { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem;
    color: var(--teal-deep); font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.6rem; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .subfold-sum::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
  .sf-label::after { content: "Show"; }
  .subfold[open] .sf-label::after { content: "Hide"; }
  .sf-chev { width: 0.72rem; height: 0.72rem; transition: transform .2s ease; }
  .subfold[open] .sf-chev { transform: rotate(180deg); }
  .subfold > ul { margin-top: 0.4rem; }
  /* appendix collapse: whole title row is the summary; the section's left
     pointer-arrow (.section-head::before) is the affordance, rotating on open */
  .apx-fold { margin: 0; }
  .apx-sum { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; }
  .apx-sum::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
  .apx-sum .section-head { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .fold-body > *:first-child { margin-top: 0.6rem; }
  /* Image placeholder (art-direction notes; real images added later) */
  .imgph { margin: 2.8rem 0; border: 1.5px dashed #9fdcc0; border-radius: 16px;
    background: rgba(205,244,226,0.16); padding: 1.4rem 1.55rem; display: flex; gap: 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start; }
  .imgph .ip-tag { flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.6rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--i-mint);
    border: 1px solid #9fdcc0; border-radius: 6px; padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.15rem; }
  .imgph .ip-bd { font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .imgph .ip-bd b { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.28rem; color: var(--ink);
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1rem; }
  .speed-row { display: flex; gap: 1.8rem; align-items: stretch; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; }
  .speed-row > p { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0; }
  .imgph--vert { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 15rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.55rem; min-height: 21rem; margin: 0; }
  .speed-img { flex: 0 0 15rem; align-self: stretch; min-height: 21rem; margin: 0; border-radius: 16px; position: relative;
    overflow: hidden; background: #14151a; }
  .speed-img img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
  @media (max-width: 760px) { .speed-img { flex: none; width: 100%; align-self: stretch; min-height: 0; height: 11rem; } }
  @media (max-width: 760px) { .speed-row { flex-direction: column; } .imgph--vert { width: auto; min-height: 0; } }
  /* Edge-to-edge image band (placeholder) */
  .imgbleed { width: 100vw; margin: 3.4rem 0; margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw); position: relative; }
  .imgbleed .ib-inner { min-height: clamp(240px, 40vh, 420px); display: flex; align-items: center;
    justify-content: center; padding: 2.2rem 1.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(205,244,226,0.30), rgba(205,244,226,0.10));
    border-top: 1px solid #CDF4E2; border-bottom: 1px solid #CDF4E2; }
  .imgbleed .ib-card { max-width: 44rem; text-align: center; border: 1.5px dashed #9fdcc0;
    border-radius: 16px; padding: 1.5rem 1.8rem; background: rgba(255,253,247,0.6); }
  .imgbleed .ib-tag { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.6rem; letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--i-mint); }
  .imgbleed .ib-title { font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.12rem;
    color: var(--ink); margin: 0.5rem 0 0.35rem; }
  .imgbleed .ib-desc { font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }
  .imgbleed--photo img { display: block; width: 100%; height: clamp(260px, 44vh, 470px); object-fit: cover; object-position: center 42%; }
  @media (min-width: 1100px){ .imgbleed--photo { margin-top: 6rem; margin-bottom: 6rem; } }
  /* Pull-quote focus highlight — fuller mint underline for the larger serif */
  .pquote .mark { background: linear-gradient(transparent 46%, #CDF4E2 46%); padding: 0 0.05em; }
  /* End-of-article divider: clean hairline with generous space */
  .div--end { margin: 5.5rem 0; gap: 0; color: var(--rule); }
  .div--end::before { content: ""; height: 1px; background: var(--green); flex: 1 1 auto; }
  .rule-mint { height: 1px; background: var(--green); border: 0; margin: 4rem 0; }
  /* Citation links */
  .cite { color: var(--green); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; }
  .cite .cn { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
  /* mint-green list markers */
  article ul li::marker { color: var(--green); }
  .references li::marker { color: var(--green); font-weight: 700; }
  /* blue font + green underline inline emphasis */
  .uline { color: var(--teal-deep); font-weight: 500;
    background: linear-gradient(transparent 46%, var(--green) 46%); padding: 0 0.05em; }
  .cite:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
  .references li { scroll-margin-top: 96px; }
  .references li:target { background: rgba(205,244,226,0.5); border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(205,244,226,0.5); }
  /* Contributors credit list */
  .contribs { margin: 2.6rem 0 0; }
  .cx-label { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.55rem; font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.66rem; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
  .cx-label .rgly { color: var(--i-mint); margin-right: 0.4rem; }
  .cx-names { margin: 0; max-width: 42rem; font-family: "Instrument Sans", sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  /* Jump-nav group dividers (below Summary, above Appendix) */
  .toc-div { align-self: stretch; height: 1px; border: 0; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
    margin: 0.5rem 0.7rem; }
  @media (max-width: 1099px) {
    .toc-div { align-self: center; width: 1px; height: 1.4rem; margin: 0; flex: 0 0 auto;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
    .toc-div + .toc-link::before { display: none; }
  }

  /* End note */
  .endnote {
    margin: 4rem 0 2rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    font-family: "Instrument Serif", serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 1.22rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }

  footer.foot {
    background: var(--teal-deep);
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 2rem 0 3.5rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }
  .foot-inner {
    max-width: var(--measure);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1.6rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  }
  .foot-inner .dot {
    width: 0.45rem; height: 0.45rem;
    background: var(--green);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
  }

  a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--teal-deep);
    outline-offset: 3px;
    border-radius: 2px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 740px) {
    body { font-size: 1.18rem; line-height: 1.72; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 520px) {
    :root { --measure: 33rem; }
    body { font-size: 1.12rem; line-height: 1.68; }
    .wrap { padding: 0 1.3rem; }
    .section-head { gap: 0.7rem; }
    .section-head .num { min-width: auto; }
    .pull { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
    article .lead { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    article .lead::first-letter { font-size: 3rem; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .kicker-tag { display: none; }
  }

  @media (min-width: 1100px) {
    body { font-size: 1.27rem; }
  }

  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
    .progress { transition: none; }
  }

  /* ===== Full-width front matter (title, summary, edge-to-edge hero) ===== */
  .frontmatter { max-width: var(--measure); margin: 0 auto; padding: clamp(72px,9vw,128px) 1.6rem 0; }
  .frontmatter .titleblock { margin-top: 0; }

  /* ===== Layout shell: centred reading column + sticky jump-nav ===== */
  .shell { position: relative; }
  @media (min-width: 1100px) {
    .shell {
      display: grid;
      /* gutters hold the TOC (16rem) + its 2.3rem gap; trimmed edge room so the wider
         reading column reaches full --measure on laptop screens (~1300px+) */
      grid-template-columns: minmax(20rem, 1fr) minmax(0, var(--measure)) minmax(20rem, 1fr);
    }
    .shell > .wrap { grid-column: 2; max-width: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 1.6rem; }
    .toc { grid-column: 1; }
  }

  /* ===== Jump-nav / table of contents ===== */
  .toc { font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; }
  .toc-scroll { display: none; }
  /* Voices in this piece — glyph-face identicons of the people the article weighs */
  .summary .voices {
    margin-top: 1.4rem; padding-top: 1.2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);
  }
  .v-label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.64rem; letter-spacing: 0.15em; font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); display: block; margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  }
  .summary .v-dek {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.12rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.25; color: #fff; margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
  }
  .v-dek .dot { color: var(--green); }
  .v-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 0.5rem; }
  .voice {
    flex: 1 1 9rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.62rem;
    background: rgba(11,16,36,0.34); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
    border-radius: 13px; padding: 0.55rem 0.72rem; cursor: pointer;
    font: inherit; text-align: left; color: inherit;
    transition: background .14s, border-color .14s, transform .12s;
  }
  .voice:hover { background: rgba(11,16,36,0.5); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); transform: translateY(-1px); }
  .voice:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #fff; outline-offset: 2px; }
  .voice--static { cursor: default; }
  a.voice { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
  .voice--static:hover { transform: none; background: rgba(11,16,36,0.34); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.14); }
  .v-face {
    width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 28%; background: #CDF4E2;
    position: relative; overflow: hidden; flex: 0 0 auto;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px -7px rgba(8,12,30,0.55);
  }
  .v-meta { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.12; min-width: 0; }
  .v-name { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.78rem; color: #fff; white-space: nowrap; }
  .v-org { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.58rem; letter-spacing: 0.09em; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.62); margin-top: 1px; }
  .v-org .li-ico { width: 1.05em; height: 1.05em; margin-right: 0.34em; vertical-align: -0.18em; fill: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); }
  .v-el { position: absolute; -webkit-mask-size: contain; mask-size: contain; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-position: center; mask-position: center; }
  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .v-list { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); }
    .voice { flex: 1 1 auto; }
  }
  /* Voice popup */
  .v-modal-overlay {
    position: fixed; inset: 0; background: rgba(8,11,26,0.55);
    backdrop-filter: blur(3px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(3px);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    padding: 1.2rem; z-index: 100; opacity: 0; transition: opacity .18s ease;
  }
  .v-modal-overlay[hidden] { display: none; }
  .v-modal-overlay.open { opacity: 1; }
  .v-modal {
    background: #3d4cba; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
    width: min(34rem, 100%); max-height: 86vh; overflow: auto;
    border-radius: 18px; padding: 1.6rem 1.6rem 1.7rem; position: relative;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 90px -30px rgba(4,7,20,0.8);
    transform: translateY(8px) scale(0.985); transition: transform .18s ease;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
  }
  .v-modal-overlay.open .v-modal { transform: none; }
  .vm-close {
    position: absolute; top: 0.9rem; right: 0.9rem; width: 32px; height: 32px;
    border: none; border-radius: 8px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;
  }
  .vm-close:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16); color: #fff; }
  .vm-head { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 1.15rem; padding-right: 2rem; }
  .vm-face { width: 54px; height: 54px; border-radius: 27%; background: #CDF4E2; position: relative; overflow: hidden; flex: 0 0 auto; }
  .vm-name { font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.25rem; letter-spacing: -0.01em; color: #fff; }
  .vm-org { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.64rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #9fb0ff; margin-top: 2px; }
  .vm-sec { margin-top: 1.25rem; }
  .vm-sec:first-of-type { margin-top: 0.2rem; }
  .vm-sec.bet { border: 1px solid rgba(0,240,160,0.4); background: rgba(0,240,160,0.06); border-radius: 12px; padding: 0.95rem 1.05rem; }
  .vm-seclabel { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.72rem; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
  .vm-sec.bet .vm-seclabel { color: #6ff0c2; }
  .vm-sec.why .vm-seclabel { color: #9fb0ff; }
  .vm-thesis { font-family: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.45; color: #fff; margin: 0 0 0.7rem; }
  .vm-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
  .vm-list li { position: relative; padding-left: 1.15rem; font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.5; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.78); }
  .vm-list li::before { content: "\25C6"; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.06rem; color: var(--green); font-size: 0.66rem; }
  .vm-sec.why .vm-list li::before { color: var(--teal); }
  .vm-foot { margin-top: 1.3rem; }
  .vm-link { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.72rem; letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #9fb0ff; text-decoration: none; }
  .vm-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
  @media (min-width: 1100px) {
    .toc {
      justify-self: end;
      width: 16rem;
      margin-right: 2.3rem;
      padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 1.35rem;
      position: sticky;
      top: 5.4rem;
      z-index: 40;
      align-self: start;
      background: rgba(11,16,36,0.9);
      backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
      border-radius: 14px;
      box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -24px rgba(8,12,30,0.5);
    }
  }
  .toc-label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--teal-deep);
    margin: 0 0 0.9rem;
  }
  .toc-label .rgly { display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: center; color: var(--green); margin-right: 0.5rem; }
  /* dark/light chart toggle living inside the section navbar (dark + blue contexts) */
  .toc-nav .chart-theme { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 0.35rem; flex: 0 0 auto; margin: 0; }
  .toc-nav .chart-theme .ctl-label { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.58rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); margin-right: 0.1rem; }
  .toc-nav .chart-theme .ctl-btn { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.68rem; letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    padding: 0.26rem 0.58rem; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.28); background: transparent;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); border-radius: 7px; cursor: pointer;
    transition: background .15s, color .15s, border-color .15s; }
  .toc-nav .chart-theme .ctl-btn:hover { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); color: #fff; }
  .toc-nav .chart-theme .ctl-btn.is-on { background: #CDF4E2; color: #04231a; border-color: #CDF4E2; }
  .toc-nav { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.15rem; }
  .toc-link {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    align-items: baseline;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
    padding: 0.42rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 7px;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: color .15s, background .15s, border-color .15s;
  }
  .toc-link .toc-num {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--teal-deep);
    min-width: 1.35rem;
  }
  .toc-link:hover { color: var(--ink); background: var(--cream-2); }
  .toc-link.is-active {
    color: var(--teal-text);
    background: var(--teal-tint);
    border-left-color: var(--teal-deep);
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .toc-link.is-active .toc-num { color: var(--teal-deep); }
  @media (min-width: 1100px) {
    .toc-nav .chart-theme { margin-top: 0.7rem; padding-top: 0.8rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); }
  }

  /* dark navy card: light text on desktop only (mobile strip stays light) */
  @media (min-width: 1100px) {
    .toc-label { color: rgba(245,246,250,0.92); font-weight: 600; }
    .toc-link { color: rgba(247,249,255,0.95); }
    .toc-link .toc-num { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); }
    .toc-link:hover { color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.07); }
    .toc-link.is-active { color: #fff; background: rgba(90,108,255,0.22); border-left-color: var(--teal); }
    .toc-link.is-active .toc-num { color: #dfe4ff; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 1099px) {
    .toc {
      width: 100vw;
      margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
      margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
      margin-top: 0;
      margin-bottom: 2.6rem;
      padding: 0.95rem clamp(16px, 5vw, 26px) 0.9rem;
      position: sticky;
      top: 66px;
      z-index: 30;
      background: #2940ff;
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.16);
    }
    .toc { transition: transform .28s ease, opacity .28s ease; }
    .toc.toc-hidden { transform: translateY(calc(-100% - 80px)); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
    .ph.fig-bleed { margin-bottom: 0; }
    .toc-scroll {
      display: block; position: relative;
      height: 3px; margin: 0.55rem 0 0;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.24); border-radius: 3px;
    }
    .toc-thumb {
      position: absolute; top: 0; height: 3px; left: 0; width: 30%;
      border-radius: 3px; background: #CDF4E2; cursor: grab; touch-action: none;
    }
    .toc-thumb:active { cursor: grabbing; }
    .toc-label { display: none; }
    .toc-nav {
      flex-direction: row;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.9rem;
      overflow-x: auto;
      padding-bottom: 0;
      scrollbar-width: none;
      -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    }
    .toc-nav::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
    .toc-link {
      flex: 0 0 auto;
      position: relative;
      white-space: nowrap;
      color: #fff;
      background: none;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 7px;
      padding: 0.32rem 0.7rem;
      font-size: 0.84rem;
      font-weight: 500;
    }
    .toc-link:not(:first-child)::before {
      content: ""; position: absolute; left: -0.45rem; top: 50%;
      transform: translateY(-50%); width: 1px; height: 1.05em; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
    }
    .toc-link .toc-num { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); }
    .toc-link:hover { color: #fff; background: rgba(11,16,36,0.34); }
    .toc-link.is-active { color: #fff; font-weight: 600; background: rgba(11,16,36,0.55); }
    .toc-link.is-active .toc-num { color: #fff; }
    .toc-link:first-child .toc-num { display: none; }
  }

  /* ===== Summary / "in short" box ===== */
  .summary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2940ff 0%, #4a5cff 55%, #5a6cff 100%);
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1.7rem 1.9rem 1.5rem;
    margin: 0 0 2.6rem;
    scroll-margin-top: 1.4rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -22px rgba(41,64,255,0.6);
  }
  .summary .s-label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.64rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }
  /* Signature glitchy chevron (site-wide arrow replacement) */
  .rgly { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 1.15em; line-height: 1; display: inline-block; }
  .s-label .rgly, .v-label .rgly { width: 1em; text-align: center; }
  .summary .rgly { color: var(--green); margin-right: 0.5rem; }
  .summary .s-takeaway .st-label .rgly { color: var(--green); }
  .summary p {
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin: 0;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
  }
  .summary p + p { margin-top: 0.7rem; }
  .summary .s-takeaway {
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--ink);
    border-radius: 12px;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--green);
    padding: 0.95rem 1.2rem;
    margin-top: 1.35rem;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 26px -18px rgba(8,12,30,0.55);
  }
  .summary .s-takeaway .st-label {
    display: block;
    font-family: 'Funnel Display', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    text-transform: none;
    color: #2940ff;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
  }
  .summary .s-takeaway .mark {
    background: linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%);
    padding: 0 0.05em;
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .summary .bench-row {
    margin-top: 1.35rem;
    padding-top: 1.1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.22);
  }
  .summary .bench-row .br-label {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.64rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  }

  /* ===== Benchmark labels (insight ↔ benchmark connective tissue) ===== */
  .btags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .btag {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace;
    font-size: 0.74rem; letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--teal);
    background: var(--teal-tint);
    color: var(--teal-text);
    transition: transform .12s, box-shadow .12s, background .12s;
  }
  .btag::before {
    content: ""; width: 0.5rem; height: 0.5rem;
    background: var(--green); flex: 0 0 auto; transform: rotate(45deg);
  }
  .btag:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 6px 16px -8px rgba(41,64,255,0.5); }
  .btag--blue {
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.42);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
    color: #fff;
  }
  .btag--blue:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18); }

  /* inline "open this benchmark" callout */
  .bench-callout {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.85rem;
    margin: 2.2rem 0;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.05rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10,155,106,0.45);
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(205,244,226,0.45);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: box-shadow .15s, transform .12s;
  }
  .bench-callout:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 12px 28px -16px rgba(10,155,106,0.55); }
  .bench-callout .bc-tick {
    flex: 0 0 auto; width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border-radius: 8px;
    background: #0b0e16;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  }
  .bc-bars { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; gap: 2px; height: 1.05rem; }
  .bc-bars b { width: 3px; border-radius: 1px; height: 40%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #CDF4E2, rgba(205,244,226,0.35));
    animation: bcbar 1.4s ease-in-out infinite; }
  .bc-bars b:nth-child(1){ animation-delay: 0s; }
  .bc-bars b:nth-child(2){ animation-delay: .22s; }
  .bc-bars b:nth-child(3){ animation-delay: .44s; }
  .bc-bars b:nth-child(4){ animation-delay: .12s; }
  @keyframes bcbar { 0%,100%{ height: 26%; } 50%{ height: 92%; } }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){ .bc-bars b { animation: none; height: 62%; } }
  .bench-callout .bc-text {
    flex: 1; font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.32; color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .bench-callout .bc-text .bc-kicker {
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.63rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.13em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #0a9b6a;
    display: block; margin-bottom: 0.18rem;
  }
  .bench-callout .bc-text strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
  .bench-callout .bc-arrow { color: #0a9b6a; font-size: 1.15rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }

  /* ===== Figure format variants ===== */
  article > figure, article figure { clear: both; }
  /* edge-to-edge hero */
  .ph.fig-bleed { width: 100vw; margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw); margin-top: var(--hero-pull, -220px); position: relative; z-index: 1; }
  .fig-bleed .ph-frame { border-radius: 0; aspect-ratio: auto; height: var(--hero-h, 520px); }
  .fig-bleed figcaption { max-width: var(--measure); margin: 0.95rem auto 0; padding: 0 1.6rem; }
  /* on smaller screens the summary is tall, so stack the hero normally instead of overlapping */
  @media (max-width: 760px) { :root { --hero-h: clamp(380px, 60vh, 560px); --hero-pull: -150px; } }

  /* wide contained band */
  .fig-wide { width: min(56rem, 92vw); margin-left: calc(50% - min(28rem, 46vw)); }
  @media (max-width: 1099px) { .fig-wide { width: 100%; margin-left: 0; } }

  /* inset image the text wraps around */
  .fig-float { margin: 0.3rem 0 1.4rem; }
  @media (min-width: 760px) {
    .fig-float {
      float: right;
      width: min(19rem, 46%);
      margin: 0.5rem 0 1rem 2rem;
    }
    .fig-float .ph-frame { aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }
    .fig-float figcaption { font-size: 0.85rem; }
  }

  /* clear floats so they never spill past their section */
  .section-head, .pull, .div, .endnote, .summary { clear: both; }
  .section-head { scroll-margin-top: 1.4rem; }
  /* v177: clear the sticky navbar(s) when jumping to a section */
  @media (min-width: 1100px){ .section-head { scroll-margin-top: 5.6rem; } }
  @media (max-width: 1099px){ .section-head { scroll-margin-top: 9.5rem; } }
  /* v177: blue pointer arrow before each section title (desktop only) */
  @media (min-width: 1100px){
    .section-head { position: relative; }
    .section-head::before {
      content: "\203A"; position: absolute; left: -1.5em; top: 0.62rem;
      font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.55rem;
      line-height: 1; color: var(--teal-deep); pointer-events: none;
    }
    /* appendix: this arrow is the expand affordance — point down when open */
    .apx-fold .apx-sum .section-head::before { transition: transform .2s ease; transform-origin: 0.35em center; }
    .apx-fold[open] .apx-sum .section-head::before { transform: rotate(90deg); }
  }
  /* v177: mint divider between body text and a following section title */
  p:has(+ .section-head)::after {
    content: ""; display: block; height: 1px; background: var(--green);
    margin: 4rem 0 0;
  }
  p + .section-head { margin-top: 2.9rem; }
  /* v177: keynote ("gist") window uses the same font as the blue summary windows */
  .keynote .kn-bd, .kn-bd { font-family: 'Instrument Sans', sans-serif; }

  /* image-filled figure frames */
  .ph-frame.has-img { border: none; background: none; padding: 0; }
  .ph-frame.has-img .ph-img {
    display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover; object-position: center 30%;
  }
  /* ===== Article engagement: like / share / comment ===== */
  .engage {
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin: 3.2rem 0 1rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;
  }
  .eg-btn {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
    background: var(--cream); border: 1px solid var(--teal);
    border-radius: 999px; padding: 0.5rem 0.95rem;
    font: inherit; font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
    cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;
    transition: background .14s, border-color .14s, color .14s, transform .1s;
  }
  .eg-btn:hover { background: var(--teal-deep); border-color: var(--teal-deep); color: #fff; }
  .eg-btn:hover .eg-count { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); }
  .eg-btn:active { transform: scale(0.97); }
  .eg-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex: 0 0 auto; }
  .eg-count { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--muted); }
  .eg-count[hidden] { display: none; }
  .like-btn svg { fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; }
  .like-btn.is-liked { border-color: var(--teal); background: var(--teal-tint); color: var(--teal-text); }
  .like-btn.is-liked .eg-count { color: var(--teal-text); }
  .like-btn.is-liked svg { fill: var(--teal-deep); stroke: var(--teal-deep); }
  .like-btn.is-liked:hover { background: var(--teal-deep); border-color: var(--teal-deep); color: #fff; }
  .like-btn.is-liked:hover svg { fill: #fff; stroke: #fff; }
  .like-btn.is-liked:hover .eg-count { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); }
  .like-pop { animation: likePop .32s ease; }
  @keyframes likePop { 0%{transform:scale(1)} 40%{transform:scale(1.28)} 100%{transform:scale(1)} }

  .eg-share { position: relative; }
  .share-pop {
    position: absolute; bottom: calc(100% + 8px); left: 0;
    background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 12px; padding: 0.4rem; min-width: 12rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -18px rgba(8,12,30,0.4); z-index: 30;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.1rem;
  }
  .share-pop[hidden] { display: none; }
  .share-pop a, .share-pop button {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.65rem;
    padding: 0.55rem 0.7rem; border-radius: 8px;
    background: none; border: none; font: inherit; font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--ink-soft); text-align: left; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; width: 100%;
  }
  .share-pop a:hover, .share-pop button:hover { background: var(--cream-2); color: var(--ink); }
  .share-pop .sp-ico {
    width: 1.15rem; text-align: center; color: var(--teal-deep);
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.82rem; flex: 0 0 auto;
  }

  .btn-primary {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
    background: var(--teal-deep); color: #fff; border: none;
    border-radius: 999px; padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer; transition: background .14s, transform .1s;
  }
  .btn-primary:hover { background: #1f33e0; }
  .btn-primary:active { transform: scale(0.98); }

  /* ===== Join on LinkedIn CTA (centered) ===== */
  .li-cta {
    position: relative;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center;
    gap: 1.15rem;
    background: #0b1024;
    border-radius: 22px; padding: 2.8rem 2.2rem 2.6rem;
  }
  /* full-bleed blue band rising behind the lower half of the card, into the footer */
  .li-cta::before {
    content: ''; position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 100vw; top: 50%; bottom: -60px;
    background: var(--teal-deep); z-index: -1; pointer-events: none;
  }
  .li-logo { display: inline-flex; }
  .li-logo svg { width: 42px; height: 42px; color: #fff; display: block; }
  .li-title {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600;
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.2vw, 2.3rem); line-height: 1.08;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em; color: var(--cream); margin: 0.2rem 0;
  }
  .li-rule { width: 34px; height: 3px; border-radius: 3px; background: var(--green); }
  .li-sub {
    color: rgba(245,246,250,0.72); font-size: 0.98rem; line-height: 1.55;
    max-width: 46ch; margin: 0;
  }
  .li-btn {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.3rem;
    border-radius: 14px; font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.95rem; text-decoration: none; padding: 0.72rem 1.3rem;
    cursor: pointer; transition: background .16s, transform .1s;
    background: var(--cream); color: var(--ink);
  }
  .li-btn:hover { background: #fff; transform: translateY(-1px); }
  .li-btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; }

  /* ===== Comments ===== */
  .comments { margin: 2.5rem 0 0; scroll-margin-top: 1.4rem; font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; }
  .c-head { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
  .c-head h2 {
    font-family: "Funnel Display", sans-serif; font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em; margin: 0; color: var(--ink);
    display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .c-head .c-count { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; }

  .avatar {
    width: 2.4rem; height: 2.4rem; flex: 0 0 auto; border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 500;
    color: #fff; background: var(--teal-deep); letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }

  .gate {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
    background: var(--aside-bg); border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 14px; padding: 1.3rem 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.7rem;
  }
  .gate .gate-ico {
    width: 2.7rem; height: 2.7rem; flex: 0 0 auto; border-radius: 11px;
    background: var(--teal-tint); color: var(--teal-deep);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  }
  .gate .gate-txt { flex: 1; min-width: 13rem; }
  .gate .gate-txt strong { display: block; color: var(--ink); font-size: 1.02rem; }
  .gate .gate-txt p { margin: 0.25rem 0 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.45; }
  .gate .signin { background: none; border: none; padding: 0; font: inherit; color: var(--teal-text); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }

  .composer { display: flex; gap: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 1.9rem; }
  .composer-main { flex: 1; }
  .composer textarea {
    width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; resize: vertical; min-height: 4.6rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 12px; padding: 0.8rem 0.95rem;
    font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-size: 0.98rem; line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink); background: var(--card);
  }
  .composer textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--teal); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--teal-tint); }
  .composer-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 0.7rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .sub-badge { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--muted); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; }
  .sub-badge .tick { color: var(--green); font-weight: 700; }
  .sub-badge .demo-revert { background: none; border: none; padding: 0; font: inherit; font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }

  .c-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .comment { display: flex; gap: 0.85rem; }
  .comment .c-body { flex: 1; }
  .comment .c-meta { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.6rem; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
  .comment .c-name { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.94rem; }
  .comment .c-time { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--muted); }
  .comment .c-body p { margin: 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.96rem; line-height: 1.55; }
  .c-empty { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; padding: 0.4rem 0; }

  /* ===== chart components (dark instrument panels) ===== */
  .chartwrap{
    --ax:rgba(196,202,222,.34); --gr:rgba(196,202,222,.13);
    --tx:#eef0f8; --tx2:#bcc2d6; --tx3:#9298ad;
    --peri:#9CB0E6; --green:#CDF4E2; --ghi:#CDF4E2; --gfill:#d8efdf; --pfill:#d3e3fc;
    background:#0b0e16; border:1px solid rgba(180,188,255,.10);
    border-radius:14px; padding:18px 18px 12px; overflow:hidden;
  }
  .chartwrap svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace}
  figcaption .illus{display:inline-block;margin-left:.5rem;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;
    font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
    border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:20px;padding:1px 8px;vertical-align:middle}
  .nextup{margin:2.2rem 0 0;font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;
    color:var(--ink-soft);display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.6rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
  .nextup .nu-label{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.1em;
    text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius:20px;padding:1px 8px;flex:none}
  .runmeta{margin:-.6rem 0 1.6rem;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.7rem;
    color:var(--muted);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
  .runmeta .rm-label{font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;
    border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:20px;padding:1px 8px}
  .runmeta code{font-family:inherit;color:var(--ink-soft);word-break:break-all}
  figcaption .meas{display:inline-block;margin-left:.5rem;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;
    font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0d2c20;
    background:#CDF4E2;border:1px solid #CDF4E2;border-radius:20px;padding:1px 8px;vertical-align:middle}
  .lmeta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem .9rem;align-items:center;
    margin:-.4rem 0 1.5rem;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem}
  .lmeta .ax.up{color:#0a9b6a;font-weight:500}
  .lmeta .ax.dn{color:var(--muted)}
  .lmeta .m{color:var(--ink-soft)} .lmeta .m b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
  .lmeta .sepd{color:var(--rule)}
  @keyframes c_grow{from{transform:scaleY(0)}to{transform:scaleY(1)}}
  @keyframes c_draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}
  @keyframes c_pop{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.4)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}
  @keyframes c_fade{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}
  @keyframes c_march{to{stroke-dashoffset:-32}}
  .chartwrap .sweep{display:none}
  .chartwrap .gb{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:bottom;transform:scaleY(0)}
  .chartwrap .dl{stroke-dasharray:900;stroke-dashoffset:900}
  .chartwrap .dt{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center;opacity:0}
  .chartwrap .af{opacity:0}
  .chartwrap .cl{opacity:0}
  .chartwrap.in-view .gb{animation:c_grow .7s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.3,1) both}
  .chartwrap.in-view .dl{animation:c_draw 1.2s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) both}
  .chartwrap.in-view .dt{animation:c_pop .55s ease-out both}
  .chartwrap.in-view .af{animation:c_fade .9s ease-out both;animation-delay:.4s}
  .chartwrap.in-view .cl{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both}
  .chartwrap .dash{stroke-dasharray:5 4;animation:c_march 1.7s linear infinite}
  /* ===== aistack chart system — two surfaces, identical spec ===== */
  /* Surface B — panel (chartwrap default). Light strokes bloom on dark -> ~12% thinner. */
  .chartwrap{
    --s-mint:#D8EFDF; --s-peri:#D3E3FC; --s-clay:#F4E0D6; --s-grey:rgba(238,240,247,.12);
    --i-mint:#D8EFDF; --i-peri:#D3E3FC; --i-clay:#E9A886; --i-grey:rgba(238,240,247,.5);
    --k-sage:#4F8567; --k-steel:#456F9F; --k-clay:#A9633F; --k-graphite:#5C6473;
    --c-axis:rgba(238,240,247,.44); --c-grid:rgba(238,240,247,.07);
    --c-label:#e4e8f3; --c-note:#ffffff; --c-val:#ffffff; --c-cat:#eef0f7; --c-halo:#0b0e16;
    --lw-data:1.4; --lw-model:1.05; --lw-ref:1; --r-hero:5.6; --sw-hero:1.8;
  }
  /* Surface A — paper. Canonical; this is what prints. */
  .charts-light .chartwrap{
    --s-grey:#E4E7EC;
    --i-mint:#00A86B; --i-peri:#2D6BFF; --i-clay:#FF5A2B; --i-grey:#6B7280;
    --c-axis:rgba(11,16,36,.50); --c-grid:rgba(11,16,36,.09);
    --c-label:#4b5265; --c-note:#5c6377; --c-val:#141a30; --c-cat:#3b404b; --c-halo:#ffffff;
    --lw-data:1.6; --lw-model:1.2; --lw-ref:1.1; --r-hero:6; --sw-hero:2;
  }
  /* language in one face, numerals in another — that's it */
  .chartwrap svg.cv{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .tick{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:12px;fill:var(--c-label);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .axlab{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:12.5px;fill:var(--c-label)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .val{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;fill:var(--c-val);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .note{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-size:13px;fill:var(--c-note)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .onfill{fill:var(--k-sage)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .cat{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;fill:var(--c-val)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .chiplab{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .halo{paint-order:stroke;stroke:var(--c-halo);stroke-width:3.5px;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-linecap:round}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .ln{stroke-width:var(--lw-data);fill:none;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-linecap:round}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .ref{stroke-width:var(--lw-ref)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .hero{stroke-width:var(--sw-hero);fill:none}
  /* Motion is a reveal, never a performance: the frame calibrates, then it measures. */
  .chartwrap svg.cv .axdraw,.chartwrap svg.cv .ln{stroke-dasharray:1;stroke-dashoffset:1}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .grid,.chartwrap svg.cv .tick,.chartwrap svg.cv .ref,
  .chartwrap svg.cv .fill,.chartwrap svg.cv .note,.chartwrap svg.cv .chip{opacity:0}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .bar{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:bottom;transform:scaleY(0)}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .dot,.chartwrap svg.cv .hero{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center;opacity:0}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .axdraw{animation:c_draw .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:var(--d,0s)}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .grid{animation:c_fade .4s ease-out both;animation-delay:var(--d,.15s)}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .tick{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:.30s}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .axlab{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:.30s}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .ln{animation:c_draw 1.15s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) both;animation-delay:.42s}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .bar{animation:c_grow .7s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.3,1) both;animation-delay:var(--d,.42s)}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .fill{animation:c_fade .6s ease-out both;animation-delay:.75s}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .ref{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.05s}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .dot,.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .hero{animation:c_pop .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:var(--d,1.35s)}
  .chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .note,.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .chip{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.50s}
  /* ---- chart-system additions (real-data charts) ---- */
  .chartwrap svg text.lang{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif}
  .chartwrap svg text.ann{font-style:italic}
  .chartwrap svg text.num{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
  .chartwrap .dp{stroke-dasharray:1;stroke-dashoffset:1}
  .chartwrap.in-view .dp{animation:c_draw 1.2s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) both}
  @media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
    .chartwrap svg.cv *,
    .chartwrap .gb,.chartwrap .dl,.chartwrap .dp,.chartwrap .dt,.chartwrap .af,.chartwrap .cl,.chartwrap .dash{
      animation:none!important;opacity:1!important;stroke-dashoffset:0!important;transform:none!important}
  }


  /* ---- light chart theme (toggle) ---- */
  .charts-light .chartwrap {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-color: rgba(15,17,23,0.10);
    --ax: rgba(15,17,23,0.40);
    --gr: rgba(15,17,23,0.09);
    --tx: #1a1d26;
    --tx2: #545a68;
    --tx3: #737a88;
    --green: #63A07C;
    --ghi: #63A07C;
    --peri: #5A88C0;
  }
  .chart-theme { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; justify-content: flex-end;
    margin: 0 0 1.7rem; }
  .chart-theme .ctl-label { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.6rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-right: 0.15rem; }
  .chart-theme .ctl-btn { font-family: "Geist Mono", monospace; font-size: 0.66rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    padding: 0.34rem 0.72rem; border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: transparent; color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-radius: 20px; cursor: pointer; transition: background .15s, color .15s, border-color .15s; }
  .chart-theme .ctl-btn:hover { border-color: var(--muted); }
  .chart-theme .ctl-btn.is-on { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; border-color: var(--ink); }

  /* chart figures fill the column (remove the UA figure inline margin so they align with the text) */
  .fig-open { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
  /* charts wider on desktop (extend into empty right gutter) */
  article figure.ph.chart-fig figcaption{ margin-left:0; }
  @media (min-width:1100px){
    article figure.ph.chart-fig{ width: calc(100% + 12rem); max-width:90vw; }
  }
  @media (min-width:761px) and (max-width:1099px){
    article figure.ph.chart-fig{ width: calc(100% + 5vw); }
  }
  .chartwrap .gl{ font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }

  .tiers{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:14px;margin:1.7rem 0 2.1rem}
  .tier{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:12px;padding:15px 16px}
  .tier h3{font-family:"Funnel Display",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 2px}
  .tier .tsub{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal-text);margin-bottom:11px;display:block}
  .tier dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:4px 10px;margin:0 0 11px}
  .tier dt{color:var(--muted);font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem}
  .tier dd{margin:0;text-align:right;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ink)}
  .tier .verdict{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.45;color:var(--ink-soft);border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);padding-top:9px}
  .tier .verdict b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}

  /* ===== per-chart toolbar (like / download / share / enlarge) ===== */
  .chart-tools { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 0.4rem; margin: 0.55rem 0 0; }
  .chart-tools button {
    width: 2rem; height: 2rem; padding: 0; cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    border: 1px solid rgba(15,17,23,0.13); background: transparent; color: #737a88;
    border-radius: 8px; transition: color .15s, border-color .15s, background .15s;
  }
  .chart-tools button:hover { color: #1a1d26; border-color: rgba(15,17,23,0.3); background: rgba(15,17,23,0.035); }
  .chart-tools button:active { transform: translateY(1px); }
  .chart-tools button svg { width: 1.05rem; height: 1.05rem; display: block; }
  .chart-tools button.liked { color: #e0507a; border-color: rgba(224,80,122,0.4); background: rgba(224,80,122,0.06); }
  .chartwrap svg { cursor: zoom-in; }

  /* ===== lightbox ===== */
  .glightbox {
    position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 200; display: none;
    align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(12,14,22,0.82); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(3px); backdrop-filter: blur(3px);
    padding: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  }
  .glightbox.open { display: flex; }
  .glightbox .glb-inner {
    position: relative; background: #fff; border-radius: 16px;
    padding: clamp(1.1rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    width: 100%; max-width: min(1080px, 94vw); max-height: 92vh; overflow: auto;
    box-shadow: 0 30px 80px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.55);
  }
  .glightbox .glb-stage .chartwrap { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  .glightbox .glb-stage svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; cursor: default; }
  .glightbox .glb-stage img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; cursor: default; border-radius: 10px; }
  .glightbox .glb-cap {
    margin-top: 0.9rem; font-family: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.5; color: #545a68;
  }
  .glightbox .glb-close {
    position: absolute; top: 0.6rem; right: 0.6rem; width: 2.2rem; height: 2.2rem;
    border: none; background: rgba(15,17,23,0.06); color: #1a1d26; border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    transition: background .15s;
  }
  .glightbox .glb-close:hover { background: rgba(15,17,23,0.12); }

  /* ===== toast ===== */
  .g-toast {
    position: fixed; left: 50%; bottom: 1.6rem; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0.6rem);
    background: #1a1d26; color: #fff; font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-size: 0.85rem;
    padding: 0.55rem 0.95rem; border-radius: 9px; z-index: 300; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity .2s, transform .2s; box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
  }
  .g-toast.show { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0); }

  /* ===== main nav + footer — ported 1:1 from the homepage (vars inlined; .wrap scoped so it doesn't hit the reading column) ===== */
  header, footer { font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; }
  header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50; background: rgba(255,253,247,0.82); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15,17,23,0.10); }
  header .wrap, footer .wrap { max-width: 1180px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 clamp(20px,5vw,56px); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; }
  header .nav { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; height: 66px; }
  header .nav .lock { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  header .lock img.logo-img { display: block; height: 54px; width: auto; }
  footer .lock img.logo-img { display: block; height: 64px; width: auto; }
  .logo-white { filter: brightness(0) invert(1); }
  .nlinks { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 26px; }
  .nlinks a:not(.btn) { font-size: 14px; color: #3b404b; text-decoration: none; transition: color .18s; }
  .nlinks a:not(.btn):hover { color: #2940ff; }
  .nl-group { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 26px; }
  .nlinks .btn { padding: 8px 16px; }
  header .btn { font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 999px; padding: 11px 21px; border: 1px solid transparent; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: .18s; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
  header .btn.b-ink { background: #0b1024; color: #fff; border-radius: 14px; }
  header .btn.b-ink:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); }
  .ham { display: none; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; width: 34px; height: 34px; padding: 7px; margin-left: 4px; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
  .ham span { display: block; height: 2px; width: 100%; background: #0f1117; border-radius: 2px; transition: transform .25s ease, opacity .2s ease; }
  .ham[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg); }
  .ham[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
  .ham[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg); }
  @media (max-width: 820px) {
    .nlinks { gap: 10px; }
    .nlinks .nl-group { display: none; }
    .ham { display: inline-flex; }
    header.menu-open .nl-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; position: fixed; top: 66px; left: 0; right: 0; background: #fffdf7; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15,17,23,0.10); box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(15,17,23,0.10); padding: 6px 22px 14px; z-index: 48; }
    header.menu-open .nl-group a { display: block; padding: 13px 2px; font-size: 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15,17,23,0.10); }
    header.menu-open .nl-group a:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  }
  footer { position: relative; background: #2940FF; color: #fffdf7; padding: 28px 0 60px; }
  .frow2 { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .fmeta { font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 12.5px; color: rgba(245,246,250,0.55); line-height: 1.8; padding-left: 28px; }
  .flinks { display: flex; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .flinks a { font-family: 'Instrument Sans',sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 15px; color: rgba(245,246,250,0.55); text-decoration: none; }
  .flinks a:hover { color: #fffdf7; }

/* ===== merged: datatables + references + pending (v134) ===== */
.datatable-wrap{margin:2.2rem 0;overflow-x:auto}
.datatable{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.4}
.datatable caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left;font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.86rem;color:#141a30;margin-bottom:.6rem;letter-spacing:.01em}
.datatable th,.datatable td{padding:.62rem .8rem;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(11,16,36,.10);text-align:left;vertical-align:top}
.datatable thead th{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;color:#5c6377;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1.5px solid rgba(11,16,36,.28)}
.datatable tbody th[scope=row]{font-weight:600;color:#141a30}
.datatable td.num,.datatable th.num{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}
.datatable tbody tr:last-child th,.datatable tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}
.pending{display:inline-block;font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.66rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;color:#A9633F;background:#F4E0D6;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 6px;vertical-align:1px}
.note-src{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.7rem;color:#7a8194;margin-left:.5rem}
article .ref-note{font-size:.86rem;color:#5c6377;margin:.4rem 0 1rem}
ol.references{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.55;color:#3b404b;padding-left:1.4rem}
ol.references li{margin:.5rem 0}
ol.references a{color:#456F9F;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(69,111,159,.3)}
article ul{margin:1.1rem 0;padding-left:1.3rem;line-height:1.6}
article ul li{margin:.45rem 0}

/* ===== v135: opaque paper surface behind reading content so the brand-grid stays in the margins, never behind text/charts/tables ===== */
article{background:var(--cream);padding:1rem 0;}
.datatable-wrap{background:var(--cream);}
.frontmatter .standfirst,
.frontmatter .byline{background:var(--cream);}

/* v138: "coming soon" treatment for read-next cards — matches homepage */
.rn-card.is-soon{cursor:default;pointer-events:none}
.rn-card.is-soon .rn-img{position:relative}
.rn-card.is-soon .rn-img img{filter:blur(3px) saturate(.9) brightness(.98)}
.rn-card.is-soon .rn-body{filter:blur(3px) saturate(.9) brightness(.98)}
.rn-card.is-soon .rn-img::after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(11,16,36,.24);z-index:1;pointer-events:none}
.rn-soon-tag{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:4;font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:13px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#3D52FF;padding:13px 27px;border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(61,82,255,.55);white-space:nowrap}
.rn-card.is-soon .rn-cta{background:none;color:#0d2c20;opacity:.6;border:1px solid rgba(15,17,23,.22)}

/* v140: mobile carousel dots for read-next — same as homepage feed */
.readnext .rn-grid{overscroll-behavior-x:contain}
.rn-dots{display:none}
.rn-dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;border:0;padding:0;background:rgba(255,255,255,.42);cursor:pointer;transition:background .28s ease,width .28s ease}
.rn-dot.on{background:#fff;width:24px;border-radius:4px}
@media (max-width:759px){.rn-dots{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:9px;margin-top:16px}}

/* v146: animated people portraits in "In this piece" (ported from About page) */
.voices .v-face{width:46px;height:46px}
.v-face--photo{background:#CDF4E2;overflow:hidden}
.v-face--photo .v-sym{display:none}
.v-face--photo .v-sym svg{width:72%;height:72%}
.v-face--photo .v-cut{position:absolute;left:50%;bottom:-8%;height:128%;width:auto;transform:translateX(-50%);animation:vCutIn .6s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) both;pointer-events:none}
@keyframes vSymDrift{0%,100%{transform:rotate(-6deg) scale(1)}50%{transform:rotate(6deg) scale(1.06)}}
@keyframes vCutIn{0%{transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(10px);opacity:0}100%{transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0);opacity:1}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.v-face--photo .v-sym{animation:none}.v-face--photo .v-cut{animation:none}}

/* v147: takeaway Cost/Quality as separate readable blocks */
.s-takeaway .st-part{display:block}
.s-takeaway .st-part + .st-part{margin-top:0.95rem}

/* placeholder chart images (to be replaced with rebuilt charts) */
.chartwrap .chart-illus{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px}
/* ===== illustration/measured figure system (handover v11) ===== */
.fig{margin:clamp(2.4rem,5vw,3.4rem) 0}

.fig .cap-label{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.1em;
  text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal-text);display:block;margin-bottom:.45rem}
/* figure title lives outside the SVG, per the system */
.fig-title{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:0.98rem;line-height:1.4;margin:.05rem 0 0;color:var(--ink-soft)}
.fig-sub{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin:.12rem 0 0}
  .fig .fig-cap{margin-top:.9rem}
  .fig .chart-tools{float:right;margin:.9rem 0 0 1.2rem}
  .fig .reg{clear:both;margin-top:.55rem}
  .chartwrap svg.cv .grid{stroke-width:1}
.reg{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--muted);display:block;margin-top:.55rem}
.reg b{color:#0A7F52;font-weight:500}

.chartwrap svg.cv{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible}
.chartwrap svg.cv .halo{paint-order:stroke;stroke:var(--c-halo);stroke-width:3.5px;
  stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-linecap:round}

/* ---------- illustrative register ---------- */
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .ln{stroke:#5C6473;stroke-width:1.5;fill:none;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-linecap:round}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .axdraw{stroke:#5C6473;stroke-width:1}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .ref{stroke:#5C6473;stroke-width:1;stroke-opacity:.55}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .hero{stroke-width:1.6;stroke-opacity:.85}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .axlab,.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .note,.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .leg{
  font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:500;fill:#5C6473}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .axlab{font-weight:400}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .num{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:11.5px;font-style:normal;
  font-weight:400;fill:#5C6473;fill-opacity:.85;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.chartwrap.ill svg.cv .dot{opacity:0}
.chartwrap.ill.in-view svg.cv .dot{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.15s}

/* ---------- measured register ---------- */
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .ln{stroke-width:1.5;fill:none;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-linecap:round}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .ref{stroke-width:1.1}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .tick{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:12px;fill:#4b5265;
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .axlab{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:12.5px;fill:#4b5265}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .leg{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:500}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .idlab{font-family:"Geist Mono",monospace;font-size:12px;font-weight:500}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .tick.hr{font-size:11px;fill:#6B7280}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .tick.day{font-size:11.5px;fill:#4b5265}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .dot{opacity:0}
.chartwrap.meas.in-view svg.cv .dot{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.15s}
.chartwrap.meas svg.cv .note{font-family:'Instrument Sans',sans-serif;font-style:italic;
  font-weight:500;font-size:13px}

/* ---------- motion ---------- */
@keyframes c_draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}
@keyframes c_fade{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}
@keyframes c_pop{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.4)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}
.chartwrap svg.cv .axdraw,.chartwrap svg.cv .ln{stroke-dasharray:1;stroke-dashoffset:1}
.chartwrap svg.cv .fill,.chartwrap svg.cv .ref,.chartwrap svg.cv .grid,
.chartwrap svg.cv .note,.chartwrap svg.cv .axlab,.chartwrap svg.cv .num,
.chartwrap svg.cv .tick,.chartwrap svg.cv .leg,.chartwrap svg.cv .idlab{opacity:0}
.chartwrap svg.cv .hero{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center;opacity:0}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .axdraw{animation:c_draw .5s ease-out both}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .grid{animation:c_fade .4s ease-out both;animation-delay:.15s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .tick,
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .axlab,
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .num{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:.30s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .ln{animation:c_draw 1.15s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) both;animation-delay:.42s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .fill{animation:c_fade .6s ease-out both;animation-delay:.75s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .ref{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.05s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .hero{animation:c_pop .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.35s}
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .note,
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .leg,
.chartwrap.in-view svg.cv .idlab{animation:c_fade .5s ease-out both;animation-delay:1.50s}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .chartwrap svg.cv *{animation:none!important;opacity:1!important;
    stroke-dashoffset:0!important;transform:none!important}
}
@media print{
  body{background:#fff}
  .chartwrap svg.cv *{animation:none!important;opacity:1!important;stroke-dashoffset:0!important}
}

article .mark{background:linear-gradient(transparent 58%, #CDF4E2 58%);padding:0 0.05em}

.pl-wrap{margin:0.2rem 0 0;width:100%}.pl-chart{width:100%}.pl-chart .modebar{padding-top:2px}.pl-chart:hover{cursor:crosshair}

/* ===== blog page — navbar + mobile fixes ===== */
@media (max-width:400px){
  header .logo-img{height:42px!important}
  header .btn{padding:9px 14px!important;font-size:14px!important}
}
@media (max-width:345px){
  header .logo-img{height:36px!important}
  header .btn{padding:8px 12px!important;font-size:13px!important}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  /* first names only (set by the script below) need less room, but keep them inside the box */
  .v-name{font-size:0.72rem;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:100%}
  .v-meta{min-width:0}
  /* charts must never swallow a vertical swipe */
  .pl-chart, .pl-chart *{touch-action:pan-y!important}
}